Surveying and Levelling

Simple levelling When it is required to find the difference between two points which are visible from a single position of level. Then the method used is simple levelling. Suppose A and B are two points … [Read more...] about Simple and Differential levelling

Change Point It may be defined as: A Change Point ( C.P) is a point which shows the shifting of the level. It is a point on which fore and back sights are taken. Any stable and well defined object such as boundary stone, … [Read more...] about Definition of Change Point and Station

Principles of Surveying Followings are the principles of surveying which should be kept in mind while determining the relative positions of points on the surface of earth: To work from whole to part … [Read more...] about Principles of Surveying

Contouring: 1.     Contour line The intersection of ground surface and level surface is called … [Read more...] about Terms related to Contouring | Objects of Contouring | Uses of Contour maps | Characteristics of Contours | Methods of Contouring

Hydrologic Cycle: The various aspects of water related to earth and their interaction can be explained in terms of a cycle … [Read more...] about Hydrologic Cycle | Various Aspects of Hydrologic Cycle | Engineering applications

Hooke's law of elasticity: In mechanics, and physics, Hooke's law of elasticity is an approximation that states that the … [Read more...] about Hooke’s Law of Elasticity | Definition of Elastic Materials

This term is often used in Chain Surveying, The longest of the chain lines formed in doing a survey is generally regarded as the base line. … [Read more...] about Base Line

A Survey Station is a point of Importance at the beginning and end of a chain line. There are two main types of stations namely … [Read more...] about Survey Stations | Main Stations | Subsidiary or Tie Station

The process of establishing or developing intermediate points between two terminal points or end points on a straight line is known as ranging. … [Read more...] about Ranging | Direct Ranging | Indirect Ranging

The measurement of distance with the help of chain or tape is known as chaining. However the term chaining … [Read more...] about Chaining and Taping